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A Literary Timeline
– started Apr. 14, 2013
I made one of these in my academic career, and found it amazingly edifying and revealing. How works relate to each other time-wise is something that rather gets lost in literary eduction. (For example, you think of Pound and Eliot as being both modernists, but you forget that Pound started his career well before Eliot. Even H.D. published before Eliot.) Thus the purpose, merely to give a visual of when things were published.
There is no attempt to be all inclusive. I am just including major works; or, at least, major works plus works that I find important. I am starting in the 20th century, but will at some point move backwards. (Poem titles occasionally appear below their collection title.)
This will be a continual work in progress. Definitely in its beginnings as of now, in April.
1300 | ||
1370-90 | ---Langdon, William. Piers Plowman (text written over long period) |
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1380 | ---Chaucer, Geoffrey. Canterbury Tales (possibly begun in 1380s) |
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1400 | ||
1478 | ---Chaucer, Geoffrey. Canterbury Tales (first print edition; believed begun in 1380s) |
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1500 | ||
1587 | -------------Marlowe, Christopher. Tamburlaine, Part I |
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1588 | -------------Marlowe, Christopher. Tamburlaine, Part II (1587-88) |
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1589 | -------------Marlowe, Christopher. The Jew of Malta |
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1590 | --------------------Spenser, Edmund. The Faerie Queene, Books 1-3 |
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1594 | -------------Marlowe, Christopher. Doctor Faustus (first performed) |
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1595 | --------------------Spenser, Edmund. Amoretti and Epithalamion |
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1596 | -------------------Shakespeare, William. Romeo and Juliet (composition, 1595-96) --------------------Spenser, Edmund. The Faerie Queene, Books 4-6 |
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1599 | -------------------Shakespeare, William. Henry V (composition) -------------------Shakespeare, William. Julius Caesar (composition)z |
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1600 | ||
1601 | -------------------Shakespeare, William. Hamlet (composition, 1600-1601) |
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1605 | -------------------Shakespeare, William. King Lear (composition) |
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1606 | -------------------Shakespeare, William. MacBeth (composition) |
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1611 | -------------------Shakespeare, William. The Tempest (composition) |
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1624 | ----Donne, John. Devontions Upon Emergent Occasions |
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1631 | -------------Milton, John. L'Allegro and Il Penseroso |
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1633 | ----Donne, John. Songs and Sonnets |
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1633 | --------Herbert, George. The Temple |
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1655 | ----------------------Vaughn, Henry Silex Scintillans (2d ed, enlarged; 1st ed 1650) |
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1667 | -------------Milton, John. Paradise Lost |
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1671 | -------------Milton, John. Samson Agonistes |
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1681 | ----Dryden, John. Absalom and Achitophel |
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1700 | ||
1711 | ----------------Pope, Alexander. Essay on Criticism |
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1712 | ----------------Pope, Alexander. The Rape of the Lock |
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Bach, Johann Sebastien-- Brandenburg Concertos (presented in entirety) |
1721 | |
Bach, Johann Sebastien-- Well-Tempered Clavier (Part 1) |
1722 | |
1728 | ----------------Pope, Alexander. The Dunciad (1st version) |
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1732 | ----------------Pope, Alexander. Essay on Man (1732-34) |
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Swedenborg, Emmanuel------------------- Heaven and Hell |
1758 | |
1759 | -------------------Sterne, Laurence. Tristram Shandy (parts 1 & 2 of 9) |
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1768 | -------------------Sterne, Laurence. A Sentimental Journey through France and Italy |
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1774 | -------Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von. Sorrows of Young Werther |
Kant, Immanuel----------- Critique of Pure Reason |
1781 |
Motzart, Wolfgang Amadeus------------- Don Giovanni |
1787 | |
Motzart, Wolfgang Amadeus------------- Symphony #41, "Jupiter" |
1788 | |
Motzart, Wolfgang Amadeus------------- Cosi fan Tutti |
1789 | |
Motzart, Wolfgang Amadeus------------- The Magic Flute |
1791 | |
1793 | --Blake, William. The Marriage of Heaven and Hell |
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1798 | --Brown, Charles Brockdon. Wieland -----------------------Wordsworth, William (with Samuel Taylor Coleridge). Lyrical Ballads (and 1800) |
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1800 | ||
Beethoven, Ludwig van-- Symphony #1 (premier) |
1800 | |
Beethoven, Ludwig van-- Symphony #3, "Eroica" (premier) |
1805 | |
1807 | -----------------------Wordsworth, William. Poems |
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Beethoven, Ludwig van-- Symphony #6, "Pastoral" (premier) |
1808 | -------Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von. Faust, Part 1 |
1810 | -----------------------Wordsworth, William. A Guide to the Lakes |
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1812 | --Byron, George Gordon, Lord. Childe Harold's Pilgrimage I-II |
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1813 | -Austen, Jane. Pride and Prejudice |
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1814 | -Austen, Jane. Mansfield Park |
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1815 | -Austen, Jane. Emma |
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1816 | --Byron, George Gordon, Lord. Childe Harold's Pilgrimage III ---Coleridge, Samuel Taylor. Kubla Khan (with Christabel) -------------------Shelley, Percy Bysshe. Alastor; or, the Spirit of Solitude: and Other Poems |
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1817 | --Byron, George Gordon, Lord. Childe Harold's Pilgrimage IV Manfred ---Coleridge, Samuel Taylor. Biographia Literaria |
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1818 | -----------Keats, John. Endymion |
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1819 | --Byron, George Gordon, Lord. Don Juan I-II (anonymously) |
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1820 | -----------Keats, John. Lamia, Isabella, the Eve of St. Agnes and Other Poems -------------------Shelley, Percy Bysshe. Prometheus Unbound |
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1821 | -------------------Shelley, Percy Bysshe. A Defence of Poetry (written; not published until 1840) |
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Beethoven, Ludwig van-- Symphony #9 "Choral" (premier) |
1824 | |
1831 | --de Balzac, Honoré. The Unknown Masterpiece (Le Chef-d'ouevre inconnu) |
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1832 | -------Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von. Faust, Part 2 (posthumous) |
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1833 | --------------------Tennyson, Alfred Lord. Poems (inc. "The Lotus Eaters," "The Lady of Shalott," "St. Simon Stylites") |
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1834 | --de Balzac, Honoré. Seraphita |
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1835 | -------Gautier, Théophile. Mademoiselle de Maupin |
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1836 | ----Dickens, Charles. The Posthumous Papers of the Pickwick Club (serial, 1836-37) |
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1839 | ------------Lermontov, Mikhail. The Demon ----------------Poe, Edgar Allan. "The Fall of the House of Usher" |
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1840 | ----Browning, Robert. Sordello |
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1842 | --------------------Tennyson, Alfred Lord. Poems (inc. "Locksley Hall," "Tithonus," "Ulysses") |
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Wagner, Richard----------------------- The Flying Dutchman (premier) |
1843 | |
Marx, Karl------------- The German Ideology Wagner, Richard----------------------- Tannhäuser (premier) |
1845 | ----------------Poe, Edgar Allan. "The Raven" |
1846 | -------------Melville, Herman. Typee |
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1847 | --Brontë, Charlotte. Jane Eyre --Brontë, Emily. Wuthering Heights -------------Melville, Herman. Omoo |
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Marx, Karl------------- Manifesto of the Communist Party |
1848 | |
1849 | --------------------Tennyson, Alfred Lord. In Memorium A.H.H. ----Dickens, Charles. David Copperfield (serial, 1849-50) |
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Wagner, Richard----------------------- Lohengrin (premier) |
1850 | --------Hawthorne, Nathaniel. The Scarlet Letter -----------------------Wordsworth, William. The Prelude |
1851 | --------Hawthorne, Nathaniel. The House of Seven Gables -------------Melville, Herman. Moby-Dick |
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1852 | ----Dickens, Charles. Bleak House (serial, 1852-53) |
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1855 | ----Browning, Robert. Men and Women ----Dickens, Charles. Little Dorrit (serial, 1855-57) -------------Melville, Herman. "Benito Cereno" --------------------Tennyson, Alfred Lord. Maud; A Monodrama (1855/56) -----------------------Whitman, Walt. Democratic Vistas -----------------------Whitman, Walt. Leaves of Grass |
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1857 | --Baudelaire, Charles. The Flowers of Evil (Les Fleurs du mal) ------Flaubert, Gustav. Madame Bovary -------------Melville, Herman. The Confidence Man |
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Offenbach, Jacques--------------- Orpheus in the Underworld |
1858 | |
Darwin, Charles---- On the Origin of Species |
1859 | ----Dickens, Charles. A Tale of Two Cities (serial) |
Manet, Claude------------- "Le Déjeuner sur l'herbe" (exhibited in the Salon des Refusés). |
1863 | |
1864 | ----Browning, Robert. Dramatis Personae |
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Salon of 1865 Manet, Claude------------- "Olympia" (exhibited; painted 1863). Wagner, Richard----------------------- Tristan and Isolde (premier) |
1865 | --------------Newman, John Henry, Cardinal. Apologia Pro Vita Sua (1865-66) |
Marx, Karl------------- Das Kapital (vol. I) |
1866 | ----Dostoyevsky, Fyodor. Crime and Punishment (in serial) -------------------Swinburne, Algernon Charles. Poems and Ballads |
1867 | -Arnold, Matthew. New Poems ("Dover Beach") |
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1868 | ----Browning, Robert. The Ring and the Book (1868-9) |
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Wagner, Richard----------------------- Das Rheingold (premier) |
1869 | -Arnold, Matthew. Culture and Anarchy --------------------Tolstoy, Leo. War and Peace (first time complete) |
Darwin, Charles---- The Descent of Man Wagner, Richard----------------------- Die Walküre (premier) |
1870 | |
Nietzsche, Friedrich-------------- The Birth of Tragedy Wagner, Richard----------------------- Parsifal (premier) |
1872 | ------------------Rimbaud, Arthur. A Season in Hell (Un Saison en enfer) |
Pater, Walter---------------- Studies in the History of the Renaissance |
1873 | |
1874 | ------Flaubert, Gustave. The Temptation of St. Anthony ------------------Rimbaud, Arthur. Illuminations |
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Wagner, Richard----------------------- Siegfried (premier) Wagner, Richard----------------------- Götterdämmerung (premier) |
1876 | -------------Mallarmé, Stephan. L'aprè-midi d'un faune -------------Melville, Herman Clarel |
Blavatsky, H.P.-- Isis Unveiled |
1877 | |
Nietzsche, Friedrich-------------- Human, All too Human |
1878 | --------------------Tolstoy, Leo. Anna Karenina (first complete; serialized 1873-77) |
1879 | ----Dostoyevsky, Fyodor. The Brothers Karamozov (serialized, Jan. 1879-Nov. 1880) |
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Nietzsche, Friedrich-------------- The Gay Science (and 1888) |
1882 | |
Nietzsche, Friedrich-------------- Thus Spoke Zarathustra (1883-5) |
1883 | |
Nietzsche, Friedrich-------------- Beyond Good and Evil |
1886 | |
Nietzsche, Friedrich-------------- On the Geneology of Morals |
1887 | -------------Mallermé, Stephan. Poésies |
Blavatsky, H.P.-- The Secret Doctrine |
1888 | |
1890 | --------Hamsun, Knut. Hunger -----------------------Wilde, Oscar. The Picture of Dorian Grey (in Lippencott's Monthly; book 1891) |
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1891 | -------------Melville, Herman. "Billy Budd" (written; published 1924) -----------------------Wilde, Oscar. Intentions (revised edition of collected dialogues, inc. The Critic as Artist) |
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1893 | -----------------------Wilde, Oscar. Salomé (Fr., performed 1896; English with illustrations by Aubrey Beardsley, 1894) |
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Beardsley, Aubrey-- illustrated Eng. edition of Salomé |
1894 | |
Freud, Sigmung, and Josef Breuer------ Studies on Hysteria Mahler, Gustav------------- Symphony #2, "Resurrection" |
1895 | -----------------------Wilde, Oscar. The Importance of Being Earnest (preformed; published 1989) |
1896 | ---Checkov, Anton. The Seagull |
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1897 | -------------Mallarmé, Stephan. Divigations -----------------------Wilde, Oscar. De Profundis (written, published 1905 etc.) |
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Freud, Sigmund------ The Interpretation of Dreams (dated 1900) Veblen, Thorstein-------------------- Theory of the Leisure Class |
1899 | |
1900 | ||
1900 | -------------Mann, Thomas. Buddenbrooks |
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Mahler, Gustav------------- Symphony #3 premier of complete (composed 1893-96) |
1902 | -------------------Strindberg, August. A Dream Play |
Freud, Sigmund------ The Psychopathology of Everyday Life |
1904 | ---Checkov, Anton. The Cherry Orchard ----------James, Henry. The Golden Bowl |
Einstein, Albert----- Special Theory of Relativity Freud, Sigmund------ Three Essays on the Theory of Sexuality |
1905 | |
1906 | -------------------Shaw, George Bernard. The Doctor's Dilemma |
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Picasso, Pablo---------------- "Demoiselles d'Avignon" |
1907 | ----------Joyce, James. Chamber Music |
Worringer, Wilhelm----------------------- Abstraction and Empathy |
1908 | ----------------Pound, Ezra. A Lume Spento |
Marinetti, Filippo Tommaso------------- "Initial Manifesto of Futurism" |
1909 | ----------------Pound, Ezra. Personae -------------------Stein, Gertrude. Three Lives |
Stravinsky, Igor------------------- The Firebird |
1910 | |
1911 | ----------------Pound, Ezra Canzoni |
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1912 | ----------------Pound, Ezra. Ripostes |
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Freud, Sigmund------ Totem and Taboo Stravinsky, Igor------------------- Rites of Spring |
1913 |
-Apollinaire, Guillaume. Alcools ------------Lawrence, D.H. Sons and Lovers -------------Mann, Thomas. Death in Venice ----------------Proust, Marcel. Swann's Way (vol I) |
1914 | ----------Joyce, James. Dubliners -------------------Stein, Gertrude. Tender Buttons |
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1915 | ------------Lawrence, D.H. The Rainbow ----------------Pound, Ezra. Cathay |
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1916 | ----H.D. Sea Garden ----------Joyce, James. Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man ----------------Pound, Ezra. Lustra |
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1917 | -----Eliot, T.S. Prufrock and Other Observations -----------------------Williams, William Carlos. Al Que Quiere! |
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1918 | ----------------Pound, Ezra. Pavannes and Divinations |
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1919 | -Anderson, Sherwood. Winesburg, Ohio ----------------Proust, Marcel. Within a Budding Grove (vol. II) |
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1920 | -----Eliot, T.S. Poems ("Gerontion, "Sweeny Among the Nightingales") -----Eliot, T.S. The Sacred Wood ("Tradition and the Individual Talent," "Hamlet and His Problems") ------Fitzgerald, F. Scott. This Side of Paradise -----------------------Williams, William Carlos. Kora in Hell: Improvisations |
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1921 | ----------------Proust, Marcel. Guermante's Way (vol. III)(1920/21) |
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1922 | ---Cummings, E.E. The Enormous Room -----Eliot, T.S. The Waste Land ----------Joyce, James. Ulysses ----------------Proust, Marcel. Sodom and Gomorrah (vol. IV) -------------------Stein, Gertrude. Geography and Plays -------------------Stevens, Wallace. The Snow Man ----------------------Vallejo, César. Trilce |
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1923 | ---Cummings, E.E. Tulips and Chimneys (first book) ----------------Proust, Marcel. The Captive (vol. V) -------------------Stevens, Wallace. Harmonium -----------------------Williams, William Carlos. Spring and All |
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Breton, André-- Surrealist Manifesto (first) |
1924 | --------------Neruda, Pablo. Twenty Love Poems and a Song of Despair |
1925 | ---Cummings, E.E. & (self-published) ---Cummings, E.E. XLI Poems -----Eliot, T.S. The Hollow Men ------Fitzgerald, F. Scott. The Great Gatsby --------Hemmingway, Ernest. In Our Time ----------------Pound, Ezra. A Draft of XVI Cantos ----------------Proust, Marcel. The Fugative (vol. VI) -------------------Stein, Gertrude. The Making of Americans (First complete edition) |
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1926 | ---Crane, Hart. White Buildings ---Cummings, E.E. Is 5 -----Eliot, T.S. Sweeney Agonistes (first performed 1934) --------Hemmingway, Ernest. The Sun Also Rises |
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1927 | -----Eliot, T.S. "The Journey of the Magi" ----------------Proust, Marcel. The Past Recaptured (vol. VII) |
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1928 | ----------------Pound, Ezra. A Draft of the Cantos 17-27 |
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1929 | ------Faulkner, William. The Sound and the Fury --------Hemmingway, Ernest. A Farewell to Arms |
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1930 | ---Crane, Hart. The Bridge -----Eliot, T.S. Ash Wednesday ------Faulkner, William. As I Lay Dying ----------------Pound, Ezra. A Draft of XXX Cantos |
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1931 | ---Cummings, E.E. Viva ------Faulkner, William. Sanctuary -------------------Stein, Gertrude. How to Write |
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1932 | ------Faulkner, William. Light in August --------Hemmingway, Ernest. Death in the Afternoon -------------------Stein, Gertrude. Operas and Plays |
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1933 | --------------Neruda, Pablo. Residence on Earth (vol. I) -------------------Stein, Gertrude. The Autobiography of Alice P. Toklas |
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1934 | -----Eliot, T.S. After Strange Gods -----Eliot, T.S. The Rock ------Fitzgerald, F. Scott. Tender is the Night |
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1935 | ---Cummings, E.E. No Thanks -----Eliot, T.S. Murder in the Cathedral --------------Neruda, Pablo. Residence on Earth (vol. II) |
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1936 | --Barnes, Djuna. Nightwood (U.S. publication 1937, with intro by T.S. Eliot) -------------------Stevens, Wallace. Ideas of Order -------------------Stevens, Wallace. Owl's Clover |
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Picasso, Pablo---------------- "Guernica" |
1937 | --------Hemmingway, Ernest. To Have and Have Not ----------------Pound, Ezra. The Fifth Decade of Cantos -------------------Stevens, Wallace. The Man with the Blue Guitar |
1938 | --Beckett, Samuel. Murphy |
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1939 | -----Eliot, T.S. Christianity & Culture -----Eliot, T.S. The Family Reunion -----Eliot, T.S. Old Possum's Book of Practical Cats ----------Joyce, James. Finnegans Wake ---------------O'Brien, Flann (Brian O'Nolan). At Swim-Two-Birds |
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1940 | ---Cummings, E.E. 50 Poems --------Hemmingway, Ernest. For Whom the Bell Tolls ----------------Pound, Ezra. Cantos LXII-LXXI |
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1941 | --Borges, Jorge Luis. The Garden of Forking Paths |
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1942 | ||
1943 | ||
1944 | --Borges, Jorge Luis. Artifices ---Cummings, E.E. 1+1 |
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1945 | --Beckett, Samuel. Watt (published 1953) --Burroughs, William S., and Jack Kerouac. And the Hippos Were Boiled in Their Tanks (not published until 2008) -----Eliot, T.S. Four Quartets |
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1946 | --Beckett, Samuel. Mercier and Camier (published 1974) -----------------------Williams, William Carlos. Paterson Book I |
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1947 | ||
1948 | ----------------Pound, Ezra. The Pisan Cantos ----------------Pound, Ezra. The Cantos of Ezra Pound -----------------------Williams, William Carlos. Paterson Book II |
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1949 | --Borges, Jorge Luis. The Aleph -----Eliot, T.S. The Confidential Clerk -----------------------Williams, William Carlos. Paterson Book III |
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1950 | ---Cummings, E.E. ΧΙΑΡΕ: Seventy-One Poems ----------------Pound, Ezra. Seventy Cantos |
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1951 | --Beckett, Samuel. Molloy --Beckett, Samuel. Molone Dies -------------------Stevens, Wallace. The Necessary Angel -----------------------Williams, William Carlos. Paterson Book IV |
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1952 | --------Hemmingway, Ernest. The Old Man and the Sea |
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1953 | --Beckett, Samuel. The Unnamable --Beckett, Samuel. Waiting for Godot --Berryman, John. Homage for Mistress Bradstreet --Burroughs, William S. Junky --Burroughs, William S. Queer (not published until 1985) ---Cummings, E.E. ! -- six nonlectures |
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1954 | -------------------Stevens, Wallace. Collected Poems |
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Lévi-Strauss, Claude------------ Triste Tropiques |
1955 | --mid 1950s: Burroughs, William S. Interzone (publshed 1988) |
1956 | -------Ginsberg, Alan. Howl and Other Poems |
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1957 | --Beckett, Samuel. Endgame |
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Lévi-Strauss, Claude------------ Structural Anthropology |
1958 | --Beckett, Samuel. Krapp's Last Tape ---Cummings, E.E. 95 Poems -----------------------Williams, William Carlos. Paterson Book V |
1959 | --Burroughs, William S. Naked Lunch |
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1960 | ----Duncan, Robert. The Opening of the Field |
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1961 | --Beckett, Samuel. Happy Days --Burroughs, William S. The Soft Machine -------Ginsberg, Alan. Kaddish and Other Poems --------Hemmingway, Ernest. The Snows of Kilimanjaro and Other Stories |
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Lévi-Strauss, Claude------------ The Savage Mind |
1962 | --Burroughs, William S. The Ticket That Exploded |
1963 | --Burroughs, William S. Dead Fingers Talk ---Cummings, E.E. 73 Poems ----------------Pynchon, Thomas. V. -----------------------Williams, William Carlos. Patersoncomplete in one volume |
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1964 | --Burroughs, William S. Nova Express ----Duncan, Robert. Roots and Branches --------Hemmingway, Ernest. A Moveable Feast |
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1965 | ||
1966 | --Bunting, Basil. Briggflats ----------------Pynchon, Thomas. The Crying of Lot 49 |
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1967 | --Berryman, John. Berryman's Sonnets (a.k.a. Sonnets to Chris) |
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1968 | ----Duncan, Robert. Bending the Bow |
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1969 | ||
1970 | ||
1971 | --Burroughs, William S. The Wild Boys |
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1973 | -------Ginsberg, Alan. The Fall of America: Poems of These States ----------------Pynchon, Thomas. Gravity's Rainbow |
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1977 | --Beckett, Samuel. Neither ("opera," Morton Feldman music) |
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1978 | ----Duncan, Robert. Medieval Scenes, 1950 and 1959 |
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1981 | --Burroughs, William S. Cities of the Red Night |
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1983 | --Burroughs, William S. The Place of Dead Roads |
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1984 | ----Duncan, Robert. Groundwork: Before the War |
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1987 | --Burroughs, William S. The Western Lands ---Carson, Ciaran. The Irish for No |
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----Duncan, Robert. Groundwork II: In the Dark |
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1988 | ||
1989 | ||
1990 | ---Carson, Ciaran. Belfast Confetti ----------------Pynchon, Thomas. Vineland |
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1997 | ----------------Pynchon, Thomas. Mason & Dixon |
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2000 | ||
2001 | ---Carson, Ciaran. Shamrock Tea |
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2006 | ----------------Pynchon, Thomas. Against the Day |
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2008 | ---Carson, Ciaran. For All We Know |
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2009 | ----------------Pynchon, Thomas. Inherent Vice |